Friday 30 March 2012

Gonal-f Powder


Pronunciation: FALL-lee-tro-pin
Generic Name: Follitropin Alfa
Brand Name: Gonal-f


Gonal-f Powder is used for:

Treating infertility in certain patients. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


Gonal-f Powder is a human follicle-stimulating hormone. It is used to treat infertility in women by stimulating the ovaries to produce eggs.It is used to treat male infertility by increasing sperm count. Gonal-f Powder is usually given with other medicines.


Do NOT use Gonal-f Powder if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Gonal-f Powder

  • you are allergic to sucrose, sodium phosphate, or benzyl alcohol

  • you have uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal problems

  • you have pituitary tumor or other brain lesion or tumor

  • you have hormone-sensitive tumors

  • you have primary ovarian failure (eg, your ovaries do not make eggs)

  • you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant

  • you have cancer in your female organs (eg, ovaries, breast, uterus)

  • you have heavy or irregular bleeding from your uterus or vagina

  • you have ovarian cysts or enlargement, not due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Gonal-f Powder:


Some medical conditions may interact with Gonal-f Powder. Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines or other substances

  • if you have urinary tract bleeding

  • if you have an adrenal gland or thyroid problem

  • if you have permanent damage to the testes

  • if you have swollen, enlarged, or painful ovaries

  • if you have blood-clotting problems or breathing problems (eg, asthma)

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Gonal-f Powder. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines.


Ask your health care provider if Gonal-f Powder may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Gonal-f Powder:


Use Gonal-f Powder as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • An extra patient leaflet is available with Gonal-f Powder. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.

  • Gonal-f Powder is usually administered as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Gonal-f Powder at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Gonal-f Powder. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.

  • Do not use Gonal-f Powder if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.

  • Do not touch the needle or allow it to touch any surface.

  • The duration of treatment will be determined by your health care provider.

  • It is recommended that a couple using Gonal-f Powder has intercourse daily, starting on the day before the injection of Gonal-f Powder.

  • If you miss a dose of Gonal-f Powder, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Gonal-f Powder.



Important safety information:


  • Gonal-f Powder may cause dizziness. This effect may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Gonal-f Powder with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.

  • Women will need to have a complete gynecological and hormone evaluation prior to starting therapy with Gonal-f Powder. Your partner should be evaluated for fertility problems.

  • Men will need to have a complete medical and hormone evaluation before starting therapy with Gonal-f Powder.

  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe side effect that may occur in some women who use Gonal-f Powder. Contact your doctor right away if you develop severe stomach pain or bloating; nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; sudden unexplained weight gain; shortness of breath; or decreased urination.

  • Gonal-f Powder may cause multiple births (eg, twins). Talk with your doctor to discuss your chances of multiple births.

  • Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use.

  • Lab tests, such as ultrasound or drawing an estradiol level, may be performed while you use Gonal-f Powder. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • Gonal-f Powder is not for use in the ELDERLY; safety and effectiveness in the elderly have not been confirmed.

  • Gonal-f Powder should not be used in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Do not use Gonal-f Powder if you are pregnant. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor right away. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Gonal-f Powder, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.


Possible side effects of Gonal-f Powder:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Acne; breast pain or growth; discomfort at the injection site; headache; sinus infection; stomach upset; tiredness.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); abnormal vaginal bleeding; calf pain or tenderness; chest pain; confusion; fever; one-sided weakness; severe or persistent shortness of breath; severe pelvic or back pain; signs of OHSS (eg, decreased urination; diarrhea; severe or persistent stomach pain, upset or bloating; nausea; sudden unexplained weight gain; vomiting); slurred speech; unusual vaginal itching, discharge, or odor; vision changes.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Gonal-f side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea; severe headache; severe stomach pain or swelling; vomiting; weakness; weight gain.


Proper storage of Gonal-f Powder:

Store Gonal-f Powder in the refrigerator (36 to 46 degrees F; 2 to 8 degrees C) until the expiration date. It can be kept at room temperature (68 to 77 degrees F; 20 to 25 degrees C) for up to 1 month or until the expiration date, whichever comes first. Once Gonal-f Powder is mixed, it should be used immediately. Do not store medicine that has been mixed. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep Gonal-f Powder out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Gonal-f Powder, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Gonal-f Powder is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Gonal-f Powder. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Gonal-f resources


  • Gonal-f Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Gonal-f Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Gonal-f Drug Interactions
  • Gonal-f Support Group
  • 2 Reviews for Gonal-f - Add your own review/rating


Compare Gonal-f with other medications


  • Follicle Stimulation
  • Hypogonadism, Male
  • Ovulation Induction

Tuesday 27 March 2012

Nardil


Generic Name: phenelzine (Oral route)

FEN-el-zeen

Oral route(Tablet)

Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies with major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Short term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24, and there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. This risk must be balanced with the clinical need. Monitor patients closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Not approved for use in pediatric patients .



Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Nardil

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antidepressant


Pharmacologic Class: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Nonselective


Uses For Nardil


Phenelzine is used to treat certain types of depression. It belongs to the group of medicines called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). This medicine works by blocking the action of a chemical substance known as monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the nervous system.


Although this medicine is very effective for certain patients, it may also cause some unwanted reactions if taken the wrong way. It is very important to avoid certain foods, beverages, and medicines while you are using phenelzine. Your doctor may provide a list as a reminder of which products you should avoid.


This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using Nardil


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of phenelzine in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of phenelzine in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related kidney, liver, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving phenelzine.


Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.


  • Amitriptyline

  • Amoxapine

  • Amphetamine

  • Apraclonidine

  • Atomoxetine

  • Benzphetamine

  • Brimonidine

  • Bupropion

  • Buspirone

  • Carbamazepine

  • Citalopram

  • Clomipramine

  • Clovoxamine

  • Cocaine

  • Cyclobenzaprine

  • Cyproheptadine

  • Desipramine

  • Desvenlafaxine

  • Dexfenfluramine

  • Dexmethylphenidate

  • Dextroamphetamine

  • Dextromethorphan

  • Diethylpropion

  • Dopamine

  • Epinephrine

  • Escitalopram

  • Femoxetine

  • Fenfluramine

  • Fluoxetine

  • Fluvoxamine

  • Guanadrel

  • Guanethidine

  • Imipramine

  • Isocarboxazid

  • Isometheptene

  • Levodopa

  • Levomethadyl

  • Linezolid

  • Lisdexamfetamine

  • Maprotiline

  • Mazindol

  • Meperidine

  • Mephentermine

  • Methamphetamine

  • Methotrimeprazine

  • Methyldopa

  • Methylene Blue

  • Methylphenidate

  • Milnacipran

  • Morphine

  • Morphine Sulfate Liposome

  • Nefazodone

  • Nefopam

  • Norepinephrine

  • Nortriptyline

  • Opipramol

  • Paroxetine

  • Phendimetrazine

  • Phenelzine

  • Phenmetrazine

  • Phentermine

  • Phenylalanine

  • Phenylephrine

  • Phenylpropanolamine

  • Procarbazine

  • Protriptyline

  • Pseudoephedrine

  • Rasagiline

  • Reserpine

  • Rizatriptan

  • Selegiline

  • Sertraline

  • Sibutramine

  • Sumatriptan

  • Tapentadol

  • Tetrabenazine

  • Tranylcypromine

  • Trimipramine

  • Tryptophan

  • Venlafaxine

  • Vilazodone

  • Zolmitriptan

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Albuterol

  • Altretamine

  • Arformoterol

  • Avocado

  • Bambuterol

  • Bitolterol

  • Bitter Orange

  • Broxaterol

  • Clenbuterol

  • Difenoxin

  • Diphenoxylate

  • Dothiepin

  • Doxepin

  • Droperidol

  • Entacapone

  • Ephedrine

  • Ethchlorvynol

  • Fenoterol

  • Fentanyl

  • Formoterol

  • Guarana

  • Hexoprenaline

  • Hydromorphone

  • Indacaterol

  • Isoetharine

  • Kava

  • Levalbuterol

  • Licorice

  • Lithium

  • Lofepramine

  • Ma Huang

  • Mate

  • Metaraminol

  • Metoclopramide

  • Oxycodone

  • Pirbuterol

  • Procaterol

  • Reboxetine

  • Rimiterol

  • Ritodrine

  • Salmeterol

  • St John's Wort

  • Sumatriptan

  • Terbutaline

  • Tolcapone

  • Tramadol

  • Tulobuterol

  • Tyrosine

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Acarbose

  • Acetohexamide

  • Benfluorex

  • Chlorpropamide

  • Ginseng

  • Gliclazide

  • Glimepiride

  • Glipizide

  • Gliquidone

  • Glyburide

  • Guar Gum

  • Insulin

  • Insulin Aspart, Recombinant

  • Insulin Glulisine

  • Insulin Lispro, Recombinant

  • Metformin

  • Metoprolol

  • Miglitol

  • Nadolol

  • Repaglinide

  • Tolazamide

  • Tolbutamide

  • Troglitazone

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using this medicine with any of the following is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication, change some of the other medicines you take, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.


  • Caffeine

  • Dopamine Containing Food

  • Tyramine Containing Food

Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness) or

  • Congestive heart failure or

  • Kidney disease, severe or

  • Liver disease, history of or

  • Pheochromocytoma (an adrenal problem)—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

  • Diabetes or

  • Hypotension (low blood pressure) or

  • Schizophrenia—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

Proper Use of Nardil


Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.


This medicine should come with a medication guide. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.


Dosing


The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage form (tablets):
    • For depression:
      • Adults—At first, 15 milligrams (mg) three times a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 90 mg per day.

      • Children—Use is not recommended.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using Nardil


It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to allow for changes in your dose and to check for any unwanted effects.


You will also need to have your blood pressure measured before starting this medicine and while you are using it. If you notice any change to your recommended blood pressure, call your doctor right away. If you have questions about this, talk to your doctor.


When taken with certain foods, drinks, or other medicines, phenelzine can cause very dangerous reactions, such as sudden high blood pressure (also called hypertensive crisis). To avoid such reactions, follow these rules of caution:


  • Do not eat foods that have dopamine and a high tyramine content (most common in foods that are aged or fermented to increase their flavor), such as cheese (especially strong or aged kinds), caviar, sour cream, liver, canned figs, soy sauce, sauerkraut, fava beans, yeasts, and yogurt. Avoid smoked or pickled meat, poultry, or fish, such as sausage, pepperoni, salami, anchovies, or herring. Do not eat dried fruit (such as raisins), bananas, avocados, raspberries, or very ripe fruit.

  • Do not drink alcoholic beverages. This includes Chianti wine, sherry, beer, non-alcohol or low alcohol beer and wine, and liqueurs.

  • Do not eat or drink too much caffeine. Caffeine can be found in coffee, cola, chocolate, tea, and many other foods and drinks. Ask your doctor how much caffeine is safe to use.

Phenelzine may cause some people to be agitated, irritable, or display other abnormal behaviors. It may also cause some people to have suicidal thoughts and tendencies or to become more depressed. If you or your caregiver notice any of these adverse effects, tell your doctor right away.


Call your doctor or hospital emergency room right away if you have a severe headache, stiff or sore neck, chest pains, fast heartbeat, sweating, dizziness, or nausea and vomiting while you are taking this medicine. These may be symptoms of a serious side effect called hypertensive crisis.


This medicine may cause blurred vision or make some people drowsy or less alert than they are normally. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are unable to see well or not alert.


This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; medicine for seizures or barbiturates; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.


Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help. When you get up from lying down, sit on the edge of the bed with your feet dangling for 1 or 2 minutes, then stand up slowly. If the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.


Do not stop taking this medicine without checking first with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely.


Before having any kind of surgery, dental treatment, or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are using this medicine or have used it within the past 10 days. Taking phenelzine together with medicines that are used during surgery, dental, or emergency treatments may increase the risk of serious side effects.


Your doctor may want you to carry an identification card stating that you are using this medicine.


This medicine may affect blood sugar levels. If you are diabetic, be especially careful in testing for sugar in your blood or urine. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.


After you stop using this medicine, you must continue to exercise caution for at least 2 weeks with your foods, drinks, and other medicines, since these items may continue to react with phenelzine.


Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.


Nardil Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Chills

  • cold sweats

  • confusion

  • dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position

  • overactive reflexes

  • shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet

  • sudden jerky movements of the body

  • swelling

  • trembling or shaking of the hands or feet

Less common
  • Abdominal or stomach pain

  • actions that are out of control

  • burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

  • change in consciousness

  • clay-colored stools

  • dark urine

  • decrease in frequency of urination

  • decrease in urine volume

  • difficult or troubled breathing

  • difficulty in passing urine (dribbling)

  • disorganized thoughts

  • dizziness

  • drowsiness

  • false or unusual sense of well-being

  • fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse

  • fear or nervousness

  • fever

  • general feeling of discomfort, illness, or weakness

  • headache

  • high blood pressure

  • increased sweating

  • irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing

  • irritability

  • itching

  • lack of emotion or feelings

  • loss of appetite

  • loss of consciousness

  • loud or fast speech

  • low blood pressure

  • muscle tremors

  • muscle twitching

  • nausea or vomiting

  • nervousness

  • no emotion or expression in speech

  • painful urination

  • pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin

  • rapid, deep, or shallow breathing

  • rash

  • restlessness

  • seeing or hearing things that are not there

  • seizures

  • shakiness and unsteady walk

  • shortness of breath

  • slow or irregular heartbeat

  • stomach cramps

  • sweating

  • swelling of the feet or lower legs

  • talking, feeling, and acting with excitement

  • uncontrolled eye movements

  • unpleasant breath odor

  • unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination

  • unusual paleness

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

  • vomiting of blood

  • weakness

  • yellow eyes or skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Constipation

  • decreased interest in sexual intercourse

  • diarrhea

  • dry mouth

  • inability to have or keep an erection

  • indigestion

  • loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

  • loss of appetite

  • not able to have an orgasm

  • passing of gas

  • sleeplessness

  • stomach pain, fullness, or discomfort

  • trouble sleeping

  • unable to sleep

  • unusually deep sleep

  • unusually long duration of sleep

  • weight gain

Less common
  • Blindness

  • blurred vision

  • decreased vision

  • eye pain

  • redness, swelling, or soreness of the tongue

  • tearing

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Nardil side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More Nardil resources


  • Nardil Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Nardil Dosage
  • Nardil Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Nardil Drug Interactions
  • Nardil Support Group
  • 14 Reviews for Nardil - Add your own review/rating


  • Nardil Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Nardil MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Nardil Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Nardil Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Phenelzine Prescribing Information (FDA)



Compare Nardil with other medications


  • Depression
  • Migraine Prevention

Monday 26 March 2012

Ciclodan





Dosage Form: topical solution (nail lacquer)
Ciclodan™

Ciclopirox

Topical Solution, 8%

(Nail Lacquer)

Rx Only


For use on fingernails and toenails and immediately adjacent skin only


Not for use in eyes



Ciclodan Description


Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer) contains a synthetic antifungal agent, ciclopirox. It is intended for topical use on fingernails and toenails and immediately adjacent skin.


Each gram of Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), contains 80 mg ciclopirox in a solution base consisting of ethyl acetate, NF; isopropyl alcohol, USP; and butyl monoester of poly[methylvinyl ether/maleic acid] in isopropyl alcohol. Ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol are solvents that vaporize after application.


Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is a clear, colorless to slightly yellowish solution.


The chemical name for ciclopirox is 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, with the molecular formula C12H17NO2 and a molecular weight of 207.27. The CAS Registry Number is [29342-05-0]. The chemical structure is:




Ciclodan - Clinical Pharmacology



Microbiology


Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of ciclopirox has been investigated using various in vitro and in vivo infection models. One in vitro study suggested that ciclopirox acts by chelation of polyvalent cations (Fe+3 or Al+3) resulting in the inhibition of the metal-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the degradation of peroxides within the fungal cell. The clinical significance of this observation is not known.


Activity in vitro and ex vivo

In vitro methodologies employing various broth or solid media with and without additional nutrients have been utilized to determine ciclopirox minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the dermatophytic molds.(1-2) As a consequence, a broad range of MIC values, 1-20 mcg/mL, were obtained for Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes species. Correlation between in vitro MIC results and clinical outcome has yet to be established for ciclopirox.


One ex vivo study was conducted evaluating 8% ciclopirox against new and established Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infections in ovine hoof material.(3) After 10 days of treatment the growth of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes in the established infection model was very minimally affected. Elimination of the molds from hoof material was not achieved in either the new or established infection models.


Susceptibility testing for Trichophyton rubrum species

In vitro susceptibility testing methods for determining ciclopirox MIC values against the dermatophytic molds, including Trichophyton rubrum species, have not been standardized or validated. Ciclopirox MIC values will vary depending on the susceptibility testing method employed, composition and pH of media and the utilization of nutritional supplements. Breakpoints to determine whether clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum are susceptible or resistant to ciclopirox have not been established.


Resistance

Studies have not been conducted to evaluate drug resistance development in T. rubrum species exposed to 8% ciclopirox topical solution. Studies assessing cross-resistance to ciclopirox and other known antifungal agents have not been performed.


Antifungal Drug Interactions

No studies have been conducted to determine whether ciclopirox might reduce the effectiveness of systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis. Therefore, the concomitant use of 8% ciclopirox topical solution and systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis is not recommended.



Pharmacokinetics


As demonstrated in pharmacokinetic studies in animals and man, ciclopirox olamine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and completely eliminated in all species via feces and urine. Most of the compound is excreted either unchanged or as glucuronide. After oral administration of 10 mg of radiolabeled drug (14C-ciclopirox) to healthy volunteers, approximately 96% of the radioactivity was excreted renally within 12 hours of administration. Ninety-four percent of the renally excreted radioactivity was in the form of glucuronides. Thus, glucuronidation is the main metabolic pathway of this compound.


Systemic absorption of ciclopirox was determined in 5 patients with dermatophytic onychomycoses, after application of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), to all 20 digits and adjacent 5 mm of skin once daily for six months. Random serum concentrations and 24 hour urinary excretion of ciclopirox were determined at two weeks and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 months after initiation of treatment and 4 weeks post-treatment. In this study, ciclopirox serum levels ranged from 12-80 ng/mL. Based on urinary data, mean absorption of ciclopirox from the dosage form was <5% of the applied dose. One month after cessation of treatment, serum and urine levels of ciclopirox were below the limit of detection.


In two vehicle-controlled trials, patients applied Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), to all toenails and affected fingernails. Out of a total of 66 randomly selected patients on active treatment, 24 had detectable serum ciclopirox concentrations at some point during the dosing interval (range 10.0-24.6 ng/mL). It should be noted that eleven of these 24 patients took concomitant medication containing ciclopirox as ciclopirox olamine cream, 0.77%.


The penetration of the Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), was evaluated in an in vitro investigation. Radiolabeled ciclopirox applied once to onychomycotic toenails that were avulsed demonstrated penetration up to a depth of approximately 0.4 mm. As expected, nail plate concentrations decreased as a function of nail depth. The clinical significance of these findings in nail plates is unknown. Nail bed concentrations were not determined.



Indications and Usage for Ciclodan


(To understand fully the indication for this product, please read the entire INDICATIONS AND USAGE section of the labeling.)


Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), as a component of a comprehensive management program, is indicated as topical treatment in immunocompetent patients with mild to moderate onychomycosis of fingernails and toenails without lunula involvement, due to Trichophyton rubrum. The comprehensive management program includes removal of the unattached, infected nails as frequently as monthly, by a health care professional who has special competence in the diagnosis and treatment of nail disorders, including minor nail procedures.


  • No studies have been conducted to determine whether ciclopirox might reduce the effectiveness of systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis. Therefore, the concomitant use of 8% ciclopirox topical solution and systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis, is not recommended.

  • Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be used only under medical supervision as described above.

  • The effectiveness and safety of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), in the following populations has not been studied. The clinical trials with use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), excluded patients who: were pregnant or nursing, planned to become pregnant, had a history of immunosuppression (e.g., extensive, persistent, or unusual distribution of dermatomycoses, extensive seborrheic dermatitis, recent or recurring herpes zoster, or persistent herpes simplex), were HIV seropositive, received organ transplant, required medication to control epilepsy, were insulin dependent diabetics or had diabetic neuropathy. Patients with severe plantar (moccasin) tinea pedis were also excluded.

  • The safety and efficacy of using Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), daily for greater than 48 weeks have not been established.


Clinical Trials Data


The results of use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), in treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail without lunula involvement were obtained from two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted in the US. In these studies, patients with onychomycosis of the great toenails without lunula involvement were treated with ciclopirox topical solution, 8% in conjunction with monthly removal of the unattached, infected toenail by the investigator. Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), was applied for 48 weeks. At baseline, patients had 20–65% involvement of the target great toenail plate. Statistical significance was demonstrated in one of two studies for the endpoint "complete cure" (clear nail and negative mycology), and in two studies for the endpoint "almost clear" (≤10% nail involvement and negative mycology) at the end of study. These results are presented below.



























At Week 48 (plus Last Observation Carried Forward) for the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Population
Study 312Study 313
ActiveVehicleActiveVehicle

*

Clear nail and negative mycology


≤10% nail involvement and negative mycology


Negative KOH and negative culture

Complete Cure*6/110

(5.5%)
1/109

(0.9%)
10/118

(8.5%)
0/117

(0%)
Almost Clear7/107

(6.5%)
1/108

(0.9%)
14/116

(12%)
1/115

(0.9%)
Negative Mycology Alone30/105

(29%)
12/106

(11%)
41/115

(36%)
10/114

(9%)

The summary of reported patient outcomes for the ITT population at 12 weeks following the end of treatment are presented below. Note that post-treatment efficacy assessments were scheduled only for patients who achieved a complete cure.




















































Post-treatment Week 12 Data for Patients Who Achieved Complete Cure at Week 48
Study 312Study 313
ActiveVehicleActiveVehicle

*

Four patients (from studies 312 and 313) who were completely cured did not have post-treatment Week 12 planimetry data.

Number of Treated Patients112111119118
Complete Cure at Week 4861100
Post-treatment Week 12 Outcomes:
Patients Missing All Week 12 Assessments2020
Patients with Week 12 Assessments4180
  Complete Cure3140
  Almost Clear2*11*0
  Negative Mycology3150

Contraindications


Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components.



Warnings


Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is not for ophthalmic, oral, or intravaginal use. For use on nails and immediately adjacent skin only.



Precautions


If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or chemical irritation should occur with the use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.


So far there is no relevant clinical experience with patients with insulin dependent diabetes or who have diabetic neuropathy. The risk of removal of the unattached, infected nail, by the health care professional and trimming by the patient should be carefully considered before prescribing to patients with a history of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or diabetic neuropathy.



Information for Patients


Patients should have detailed instructions regarding the use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), as a component of a comprehensive management program for onychomycosis in order to achieve maximum benefit with the use of this product.


The patient should be told to:


  1. Use Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), as directed by a health care professional. Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. Contact with skin other than skin immediately surrounding the treated nail(s) should be avoided. Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is for external use only.

  2. Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be applied evenly over the entire nail plate and 5 mm of surrounding skin. If possible, Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be applied to the nail bed, hyponychium, and the under surface of the nail plate when it is free of the nail bed (e.g., onycholysis). Contact with the surrounding skin may produce mild, transient irritation (redness).

  3. Removal of the unattached, infected nail, as frequently as monthly, by a health care professional is needed with use of this medication. Inform a health care professional if they have diabetes or problems with numbness in your toes or fingers for consideration of the appropriate nail management program.

  4. Inform a health care professional if the area of application shows signs of increased irritation (redness, itching, burning, blistering, swelling, oozing).

  5. Up to 48 weeks of daily applications with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), and professional removal of the unattached, infected nail, as frequently as monthly, are considered the full treatment needed to achieve a clear or almost clear nail (defined as 10% or less residual nail involvement).

  6. Six months of therapy with professional removal of the unattached, infected nail may be required before initial improvement of symptoms is noticed.

  7. A completely clear nail may not be achieved with use of this medication. In clinical studies less than 12% of patients were able to achieve either a completely clear or almost clear toenail.

  8. Do not use the medication for any disorder other than that for which it is prescribed.

  9. Do not use nail polish or other nail cosmetic products on the treated nails.

  10. Avoid use near heat or open flame, because product is flammable.


Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility


No carcinogenicity study was conducted with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), formulation. A carcinogenicity study of ciclopirox (1% and 5% solutions in polyethylene glycol 400) in female mice dosed topically twice per week for 50 weeks followed by a 6-month drug-free observation period prior to necropsy revealed no evidence of tumors at the application sites.


In human systemic tolerability studies following daily application (~340 mg of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer)) in subjects with distal subungual onychomycosis, the average maximal serum level of ciclopirox was 31±28 ng/mL after two months of once daily applications. This level was 159 times lower than the lowest toxic dose and 115 times lower than the highest nontoxic dose in rats and dogs fed 7.7 and 23.1 mg ciclopirox (as ciclopirox olamine)/kg/day.


The following in vitro genotoxicity tests have been conducted with ciclopirox: evaluation of gene mutation in Ames Salmonella and E. coli assays (negative); chromosome aberration assays in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, with and without metabolic activation (positive); gene mutation assay in the HGPRT-test with V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (negative); unscheduled DNA synthesis in human A549 cells (negative); and BALB/c3T3 cell transformation assay (negative). In an in vivo Chinese hamster bone marrow cytogenetic assay, ciclopirox was negative for chromosome aberrations at 5,000 mg/kg.


The following in vitro genotoxicity tests were conducted with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer): Ames Salmonella test (negative); unscheduled DNA synthesis in the rat hepatocytes (negative); cell transformation assay in BALB/c3T3 cell assay (positive). The positive response of the lacquer formulation in the BALB/c3T3 test was attributed to its butyl monoester of poly [methylvinyl ether/maleic acid] resin component (Gantrez® ES-435), which also tested positive in this test. The cell transformation assay may have been confounded because of the film-forming nature of the resin. Gantrez® ES-435 tested nonmutagenic in both the in vitro mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay with or without activation and unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in rat hepatocytes.


Oral reproduction studies in rats at doses up to 3.85 mg ciclopirox (as ciclopirox olamine)/kg/day [equivalent to approximately 1.4 times the potential exposure at the maximum recommended human topical dose (MRHTD)] did not reveal any specific effects on fertility or other reproductive parameters. MRHTD (mg/m2) is based on the assumption of 100% systemic absorption of 27.12 mg ciclopirox (~340 mg Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer)) that will cover all the fingernails and toenails including 5 mm proximal and lateral fold area plus onycholysis to a maximal extent of 50%.



Pregnancy


Teratogenic effects

Pregnancy Category B


Teratology studies in mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys at oral doses of up to 77, 23, 23, or 38.5 mg, respectively, of ciclopirox as ciclopirox olamine/kg/day (14, 8, 17, and 28 times MRHTD), or in rats and rabbits receiving topical doses of up to 92.4 and 77 mg/kg/day, respectively (33 and 55 times MRHTD), did not indicate any significant fetal malformations.


There are no adequate or well-controlled studies of topically applied ciclopirox in pregnant women. Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.



Nursing Mothers


It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Since many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is administered to a nursing woman.



Pediatric Use


Based on the safety profile in adults, Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is considered safe for use in children twelve years and older. No clinical trials have been conducted in the pediatric population.



Geriatric Use


Clinical studies of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients.



Adverse Reactions


In the vehicle-controlled clinical trials conducted in the US, 9% (30/327) of patients treated with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), and 7% (23/328) of patients treated with vehicle reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) considered by the investigator to be causally related to the test material. The incidence of these adverse events, within each body system, was similar between the treatment groups except for Skin and Appendages: 8% (27/327) and 4% (14/328) of subjects in the ciclopirox and vehicle groups reported at least one adverse event, respectively.


The most common were rash-related adverse events: periungual erythema and erythema of the proximal nail fold were reported more frequently in patients treated with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), (5% [16/327]) than in patients treated with vehicle (1% [3/328]). Other TEAEs thought to be causally related included nail disorders such as shape change, irritation, ingrown toenail, and discoloration.


The incidence of nail disorders was similar between the treatment groups (2% [6/327] in the Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), group and 2% [7/328] in the vehicle group). Moreover, application site reactions and/or burning of the skin occurred in 1% of patients treated with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), (3/327) and vehicle (4/328).


A 21-Day Cumulative Irritancy study was conducted under conditions of semi-occlusion. Mild reactions were seen in 46% of patients with the Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), 32% with the vehicle and 2% with the negative control, but all were reactions of mild transient erythema. There was no evidence of allergic contact sensitization for either the Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), or the vehicle base. In a separate study of the photosensitization potential of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), in a maximized test design that included the occluded application of sodium lauryl sulfate, no photoallergic reactions were noted. In four subjects localized allergic contact reactions were observed. In the vehicle-controlled studies, one patient treated with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), discontinued treatment due to a rash, localized to the palm (causal relation to test material undetermined).


Use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), for 48 additional weeks was evaluated in an open-label extension study conducted in patients previously treated in the vehicle-controlled studies. Three percent (9/281) of subjects treated with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), experienced at least one TEAE that the investigator thought was causally related to the test material. Mild rash in the form of periungual erythema (1% [2/281]) and nail disorders (1% [4/281]) were the most frequently reported. Four patients discontinued because of TEAEs. Two of the four had events considered to be related to test material: one patient's great toenail "broke away" and another had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level on Day 1 (after 48 weeks of treatment with vehicle in the previous vehicle-controlled study).



Ciclodan Dosage and Administration


Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be used as a component of a comprehensive management program for onychomycosis. Removal of the unattached, infected nail, as frequently as monthly, by a health care professional, weekly trimming by the patient, and daily application of the medication are all integral parts of this therapy. Careful consideration of the appropriate nail management program should be given to patients with diabetes (see PRECAUTIONS).



Nail Care By Health Care Professionals


Removal of the unattached, infected nail, as frequently as monthly, trimming of onycholytic nail, and filing of excess horny material should be performed by professionals trained in treatment of nail disorders.



Nail Care By Patient


Patients should file away (with emery board) loose nail material and trim nails, as required, or as directed by the health care professional, every seven days after Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is removed with alcohol.


Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be applied once daily (preferably at bedtime or eight hours before washing) to all affected nails with the applicator brush provided. The Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be applied evenly over the entire nail plate.


If possible, Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be applied to the nail bed, hyponychium, and the under surface of the nail plate when it is free of the nail bed (e.g., onycholysis).


The Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should not be removed on a daily basis. Daily applications should be made over the previous coat and removed with alcohol every seven days. This cycle should be repeated throughout the duration of therapy.



How is Ciclodan Supplied


Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is supplied in a 6.6 mL (NDC 43538-500-06) glass bottle with a screw cap which is fitted with a brush.



Protect from light (e.g., store the bottle in the carton after every use).


Ciclodan™ Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), should be stored at room temperature between 59° and 86° F (15° and 30° C).


CAUTION: Flammable. Keep away from heat and flame.


Rx ONLY



References


1. Dittmar W., Lohaus G. 1973. HOE296, A new antimycotic compound with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Arzneim-Forsch./Drug Res. 23:670-674.


2. Niewerth et. al., 1998. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: Comparison of the agar macrodilution and broth micro dilution tests. Chemotherapy. 44:31-35.


3. Yang et. al. 1997. A new simulation model for studying in vitro topical penetration of antifungal drugs into hard keratin. J. Mycol. Med. 7:195-98.



Gantrez is a registered trademark of GAF Corporation


You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call 1-800-FDA-1088.


Manufactured for:

MEDIMETRIKS

PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

363 Route 46 West

Fairfield, NJ 07004

www.medimetriks.com


Manufactured by:

G&W Laboratories, Inc.

South Plainfield, NJ 07080

8-0317MDM1 Issued 01/11



Ciclodan™


Ciclopirox

Topical Solution, 8%,

(Nail Lacquer)


Patient Information and Instructions


Patients should have detailed instructions regarding the use of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), as a component of a comprehensive management program for onychomycosis in order to achieve maximum benefit with the use of this product. Discuss your treatment plan with your health care professional for regular removal of the unattached, infected nail.


Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you:


  • Are pregnant or nursing

  • Are an insulin dependent diabetic or have diabetic neuropathy

  • Have a history of immunosuppression

  • Are immunocompromised (e.g., received an organ transplant, etc.)

  • Require medication to control epilepsy

  • Use or require topical corticosteroids on a repeated monthly basis

  • Use steroid inhalers on a regular basis

Patient Information:


  • Use Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), as directed by your health care professional.

  • Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), is for external use only.

  • Contact with skin other than skin immediately surrounding the treated nail(s) should be avoided.

  • Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes.

  • Removal of the unattached, infected nail, as frequently as monthly, by your health care professional is needed with use of this medication to obtain maximal benefit with use of this product. If you have diabetes or problems with numbness in your toes or fingers, talk to your health care provider before trimming your nails or removing any nail material.

  • Inform your health care professional if the area of application shows signs of increased irritation (redness, itching, burning, blistering, swelling, oozing).

  • Up to 48 weeks of daily applications with Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), and professional removal, as frequently as monthly, of the unattached, infected nail are considered the full treatment time to achieve a clear or almost clear nail (defined as 10% or less residual nail involvement). Six months of therapy with professional removal of the unattached, infected nail may be required before initial improvement of symptoms is noticed.

  • A completely clear nail may not be achieved with use of this medication. In clinical studies less than 12% of patients were able to achieve either a clear or almost clear toenail.

  • Do not use nail polish or other nail cosmetic products on the treated nails.

  • Avoid use near heat or open flame, because product is flammable.













Patient Instructions

  1. Before starting treatment, remove any loose nail or nail material using nail clippers or nail files. If you have diabetes or problems with numbness in your toes or fingers, talk to your health care provider before trimming your nails or removing any nail material.


2.

Apply Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), once daily (preferably at bedtime) to all affected nails with the applicator brush provided. Apply the lacquer evenly over the entire nail. Where possible, nail lacquer should also be applied to the underside of the nail and to the skin beneath it. Allow lacquer to dry (approximately 30 seconds) before putting on socks or stockings. After applying medication, wait 8 hours before taking a bath or shower.


3.

Apply Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), daily over the previous coat.

4.

Once a week, remove the Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%, (Nail Lacquer), with alcohol. Remove as much as possible of the damaged nail using scissors, nail clippers, or nail files.

5.

Repeat process

(steps 2 through 4).

Please Note:

  1. To prevent screw cap from sticking to the bottle, do not allow solution to get into the bottle threads.

  2. To prevent the solution from drying out, bottle should be closed tightly after every use.

  3. To protect from light, replace bottle into carton after each use.

Manufactured for:

MEDIMETRIKS

PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

363 Route 46 West

Fairfield, NJ 07004

www.medimetriks.com

Manufactured by:

G&W Laboratories, Inc.

South Plainfield, NJ 07080


8-0317MDM1

Issued 01/11



PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 6.6 mL Carton


NDC 43538-500-06


Rx Only

Ciclodan™

Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% (Nail Lacquer)


FOR DERMATOLOGIC

USE ONLY


NOT FOR USE IN EYES


1 Bottle - 6.6 mL


MEDIMETRIKS

PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.




PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Kit Carton


NDC 43538-501-06


Rx Only

Ciclodan™

Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% (Nail Lacquer)


CONTENTS:


1- 6.6 mL Bottle Ciclodan™

     Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% (Nail Lacquer)


1 - 28 mL Bottle Toetal Fresh™

     Topical Toe Freshener










Ciclodan 
ciclopirox  solution










Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)43538-500
Route of AdministrationTOPICALDEA Schedule    








Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
ciclopirox (ciclopirox)ciclopirox2.28 g  in 1 mL










Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
ethyl acetate 
isopropyl alcohol 
butyl ester of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer (125 kd) 


















Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      










Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
143538-500-066.6 mL In 1 BOTTLE, WITH APPLICATORNone










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
ANDAANDA07823304/10/2011







Ciclodan 
ciclopirox  solution










Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)43538-501
Route of AdministrationTOPICALDEA Schedule    








Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
ciclopirox (ciclopirox)ciclopirox2.28 g  in 1 mL










Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
ethyl acetate 
isopropyl alcohol 
butyl ester of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer (125 kd) 


















Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      














Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
143538-501-061 BOTTLE In 1 KITcontains a BOTTLE, WITH APPLICATOR
16.6 mL In 1 BOTTLE, WITH APPLICATORThis package is contained within the KIT (43538-501-06)










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
ANDAANDA07823304/10/2011


Labeler - Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (019903816)









Establishment
NameAddressID/FEIOperations
G&W Laboratories001271188MANUFACTURE
Revised: 03/2011Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

More Ciclodan resources


  • Ciclodan Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Ciclodan Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Ciclodan Support Group
  • 9 Reviews for Ciclodan - Add your own review/rating


  • ciclopirox topical Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Loprox Topical Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Loprox Cream MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Ciclodan with other medications


  • Cutaneous Candidiasis
  • Onychomycosis, Fingernail
  • Onychomycosis, Toenail
  • Seborrheic Dermatitis
  • Tinea Corporis
  • Tinea Cruris
  • Tinea Pedis
  • Tinea Versicolor

Sunday 25 March 2012

Teflaro


Generic Name: ceftaroline (SEF ta ROE leen)

Brand Names: Teflaro


What is ceftaroline?

Ceftaroline is in a group of drugs called cephalosporin (SEF a low spor in) antibiotics. It works by fighting bacteria in your body.


Ceftaroline is used to treat skin infections or pneumonia caused by bacteria.


Ceftaroline may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about ceftaroline?


You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ceftaroline, or to similar antibiotics, such as Ceftin, Cefzil, Keflex, and others.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs (especially penicillin). Also tell your doctor if you have kidney disease or a history of intestinal problems.


Use this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Ceftaroline will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.


Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, stop using ceftaroline and call your doctor. Do not use anti-diarrhea medicine unless your doctor tells you to.


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using ceftaroline?


You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ceftaroline or to other cephalosporin antibiotics, such as:

  • cefaclor (Raniclor);




  • cefadroxil (Duricef);




  • cefazolin (Ancef);




  • cefdinir (Omnicef);




  • cefditoren (Spectracef);




  • cefpodoxime (Vantin);




  • cefprozil (Cefzil);




  • ceftibuten (Cedax);




  • cefuroxime (Ceftin);




  • cephalexin (Keflex); or




  • cephradine (Velosef); and others.



To make sure you can safely use ceftaroline, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:


  • kidney disease (or if you are on dialysis);


  • a history of intestinal problems, such as colitis; or




  • if you are allergic to any drugs (especially penicillin antibiotics).




FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether ceftaroline passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How is ceftaroline given?


Ceftaroline is injected into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to use an IV at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.


Ceftaroline is usually given every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days. Follow your doctor's instructions. This medicine must be given slowly, and the IV infusion can take up at least 1 hour to complete.


Ceftaroline is a powder medicine that must be mixed with a liquid (diluent) before using it. If you are using the injections at home, be sure you understand how to properly mix and store the medicine.


Prepare your dose in a syringe only when you are ready to give yourself an injection. Ceftaroline should look clear or yellow in color. Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your doctor for a new prescription.

Use this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is resistant to antibiotics. Ceftaroline will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.


Store in the refrigerator. Do not freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?


Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

What should I avoid while using ceftaroline?


Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, stop using ceftaroline and call your doctor. Do not use anti-diarrhea medicine unless your doctor tells you to.


Ceftaroline side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

  • diarrhea that is watery or bloody;




  • chest pain;




  • fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;




  • unusual bleeding;




  • seizure (convulsions);




  • pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness;




  • jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);




  • fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;




  • increased thirst, loss of appetite, swelling, weight gain, feeling short of breath, urinating less than usual or not at all; or




  • low potassium (confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling).



Less serious side effects may include:



  • nausea, vomiting, constipation, mild diarrhea;




  • dizziness; or




  • mild itching.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


What other drugs will affect ceftaroline?


There may be other drugs that can interact with ceftaroline. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More Teflaro resources


  • Teflaro Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Teflaro Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Teflaro Drug Interactions
  • Teflaro Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Teflaro - Add your own review/rating


  • Teflaro Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Teflaro Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Teflaro Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Teflaro MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Teflaro Consumer Overview



Compare Teflaro with other medications


  • Pneumonia
  • Skin and Structure Infection


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about ceftaroline.

See also: Teflaro side effects (in more detail)


Saturday 24 March 2012

Imodium Liquid





1. Name Of The Medicinal Product



Imodium™ Liquid


2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition



Loperamide hydrochloride Ph Eur 1 mg per 5 ml.



3. Pharmaceutical Form



Oral liquid.



4. Clinical Particulars



4.1 Therapeutic Indications



For the treatment of acute diarrhoea.



For the symptomatic treatment of acute episodes of diarrhoea associated with irritable bowel syndrome in adults following initial diagnosis by a doctor.



4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration



For adults and children 12 years and over:



4 mg initially (20 ml) and then 2 mg (10 ml) after each loose stool.



Symptomatic treatment of acute episodes of diarrhoea associated with irritable bowel syndrome in adults:



Two 10 ml doses to be taken initially. The usual dose is between 4 mg (20 ml) and 8 mg (40 ml) per day in divided doses, depending on severity. If required, this dose can be adjusted according to result up to a maximum of 16 mg (80 ml) daily.



Use in Elderly:



No dose adjustment is required for the elderly.



Renal impairment



No dose adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment.



Hepatic impairment



Although no pharmacokinetic data are available in patients with hepatic impairment, Imodium should be used with caution in such patients because of reduced first pass metabolism. (see 4.4 Special warnings and special precautions for use).



Method of administration: Oral use.



4.3 Contraindications



Imodium Liquid is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to loperamide hydrochloride or to any of the excipients.



Imodium Liquid should not be used in children less than 4 years of age.



Imodium Liquid must not be used when inhibition of peristalsis is to be avoided due to the possible risk of significant sequelae including ileus, megacolon and toxic megacolon, in particular:



- when ileus or constipation are present or when abdominal distension develops, particularly in severely dehydrated children,



- in patients with acute ulcerative colitis,



- in patients with bacterial enterocolitis caused by invasive organisms including Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter,



- in patients with pseudomembranous colitis associated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.



Imodium should not be used alone in acute dysentery, which is characterised by blood in stools and elevated body temperatures.



4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use



Loperamide is for the symptomatic relief of acute diarrhoea only and is not a suitable substitute for rehydration therapy.



Loperamide must be used with caution when the hepatic function necessary for the drug's metabolism is defective (eg in the case of severe hepatic disturbance), as this might result in a relative overdose leading to CNS toxicity.



Patients with AIDS treated with Imodium for diarrhoea should have therapy stopped at the earliest signs of abdominal distension. There have been isolated reports of toxic megacolon in AIDS patients with infectious colitis from both viral and bacterial pathogens treated with loperamide hydrochloride.



If symptoms persist for more than 24 hours, consult your doctor.



If you are taking Imodium to control episodes of diarrhoea associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome diagnosed by your doctor, you should return to him/her if the pattern of your symptoms changes. You should also return to your doctor if your episodes of acute symptoms continue for more than two weeks or there is a need for continuous treatment of more than two weeks.



4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction



Non-clinical data have shown that loperamide is a P-glycoprotein substrate. Concomitant administration of loperamide (16 mg single dose) with quinidine, or ritonavir, which are both P-glycoprotein inhibitors, resulted in a 2 to 3-fold increase in loperamide plasma levels. The clinical relevance of this pharmacokinetic interaction with P-glycoprotein inhibitors, when loperamide is given at recommended dosages (2 mg, up to 16 mg maximum daily dose), is unknown.



4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation



Safety in human pregnancy has not been established although studies in animals have not demonstrated any teratogenic effects. As with other drugs it is not advisable to administer Imodium in pregnancy.



Small amounts of loperamide may appear in human breast milk. Therefore, Imodium is not recommended during breast-feeding.



Women who are breast feeding infants should therefore be advised to consult their doctor for appropriate treatment.



4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines



Tiredness, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur when diarrhoeal syndromes are treated with Imodium. Therefore, it is advisable to use caution when driving a car or operating machinery. See section 4.8 Undesirable effects.



4.8 Undesirable Effects



In clinical trials, constipation and dizziness have been reported with greater frequency in loperamide hydrochloride treated patients than placebo treated patients.



The following adverse events have also been reported with use of loperamide hydrochloride:



Skin and Appendages



Very rare: rash, urticaria and pruritus.



Isolated occurrences of angioedema, and bullous eruptions including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis.



Body as a whole, general



Very rare: isolated occurrences of allergic reactions and in some cases severe hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid reactions.



Gastrointestinal System Disorders



Very rare: abdominal pain, ileus, abdominal distension, nausea, constipation, vomiting, megacolon including toxic megacolon, flatulence, and dyspepsia.



Genitourinary



Very rare: isolated reports of urinary retention.



Psychiatric



Very rare: drowsiness



Central and Peripheral Nervous System



Very rare: dizziness



A number of the adverse events reported during the clinical investigations and post-marketing experience with loperamide are frequent symptoms of the underlying diarrhoeal syndrome (abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and flatulence). These symptoms are often difficult to distinguish from undesirable drug effects.



4.9 Overdose



In case of overdose the following effects may be observed: constipation, urinary retention, ileus and neurological symptoms (miosis, muscular hypertonia, somnolence and bradypnoea). If intoxication is suspected, naloxone may be given as an antidote. Since the duration of action of loperamide is longer than that of naloxone, the patient should be kept under constant observation for at least 48 hours in order to detect any possible depression of the central nervous system. Children, and patients with hepatic dysfunction, may be more sensitive to CNS effects. Gastric lavage, or induced emesis and/or enema or laxatives may be recommended.



5. Pharmacological Properties



5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties



Loperamide binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall, reducing the propulsive peristalsis and increasing intestinal transit time. Loperamide increases the tone of the anal sphincter.



In a double blind randomised clinical trial in 56 patients with acute diarrhoea receiving loperamide, onset of anti-diarrhoeal action was observed within one hour following a single 4 mg dose.



Clinical comparisons with other antidiarrhoeal drugs confirmed this exceptionally rapid onset of action of loperamide.



5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties



The half-life of loperamide in man is 10.8 hours with a range of 9-14 hours.



Studies on distribution in rats show high affinity for the gut wall with preference for binding to the receptors in the longitudinal muscle layer.



Loperamide is well absorbed from the gut, but is almost completely extracted and metabolised by the liver where it is conjugated and excreted via the bile.



Due to its high affinity for the gut wall and its high first pass metabolism, very little loperamide reaches the systemic circulation.



5.3 Preclinical Safety Data



Not applicable.



6. Pharmaceutical Particulars



6.1 List Of Excipients



Glycerol



Sodium saccharin



Methyl parahydroxybenzoate



Propyl parahydroxybenzoate



Cochineal red A



Raspberry flavour



Redcurrant flavour



Alcohol



Citric acid monohydrate



Purified water



6.2 Incompatibilities



Not applicable.



6.3 Shelf Life



60 months.



6.4 Special Precautions For Storage



None.



6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container



30, 40, 50, 90 and 100 ml glass bottles with child-resistant polypropylene caps, lined inside with an LDPE insert.



A 5 ml or 10 ml polypropylene measuring cup is supplied.



6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling



Not applicable.



7. Marketing Authorisation Holder



Janssen-Cilag Ltd



Saunderton



High Wycombe



Buckinghamshire



HP14 4HJ



Distributor



Johnson & Johnson ° MSD



Consumer Pharmaceuticals



Enterprise House



Station Road



Loudwater



Buckinghamshire



HP10 9UF



8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)



0242/0115



9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation



31 July 1997



10. Date Of Revision Of The Text



6 July 2004



Legal category P.